GSTA1(谷胱甘肽S-转移酶A1)属于谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)家族,这是一个广泛存在于生物体内的多功能酶家族,主要参与解毒代谢过程。GST家族成员的共性是通过催化谷胱甘肽(GSH)与各种亲电子化合物(如致癌物、药物和环境毒素)的结合反应,使其水溶性增加从而更容易被排出体外,起到保护细胞免受氧化损伤和有毒物质侵害的作用。GSTA1主要在肝脏中高表达,但也存在于肾脏、肠道等其他组织中,是细胞内重要的II相代谢酶。GSTA1的生物学功能不仅限于解毒,它还参与调节氧化应激反应、信号转导以及细胞凋亡等过程。GSTA1的突变可能导致酶活性降低或丧失,影响机体对毒素和药物的代谢能力,增加个体对某些疾病(如癌症、神经退行性疾病和炎症性疾病)的易感性。例如,GSTA1的多态性与肺癌、乳腺癌和结直肠癌等癌症的风险相关。当GSTA1过表达时,可能增强机体对毒素和致癌物的清除能力,提供更好的保护作用;但同时也可能加速某些药物的代谢,降低其疗效。相反,GSTA1表达降低可能导致毒素积累、氧化应激增加,进而引发细胞损伤和疾病。GSTA1与其他GST家族成员(如GSTM1和GSTP1)在功能上有重叠但也有特异性,共同构成机体的防御系统。研究GSTA1的表达和功能对于理解个体化用药、疾病预防和治疗策略具有重要意义。
Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. These enzymes function in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding these enzymes are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of some drugs. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-tranferase belonging to the alpha class. The alpha class genes, located in a cluster mapped to chromosome 6, are the most abundantly expressed glutathione S-transferases in liver. In addition to metabolizing bilirubin and certain anti-cancer drugs in the liver, the alpha class of these enzymes exhibit glutathione peroxidase activity thereby protecting the cells from reactive oxygen species and the products of peroxidation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
胞浆和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的膜结合形式是通过两个不同的表生家族编码。这些酶在电子化合物,其中包括致癌物质,治疗药物,环境毒素和氧化应激的产品,通过与谷胱甘肽结合的解毒功能。编码这些酶的基因是已知的高度多态性。这些遗传变异可改变个体的易感性致癌物和毒素以及影响的某些药物的毒性和疗效。目前,可溶性胞质哺乳动物谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的八个不同类别已经确定:α,KAPPA,亩,欧米茄,PI,西格玛,theta和泽塔。该基因编码属于阿尔法类谷胱甘肽S-转移酶。阿尔法类基因,位于映射到6号染色体的群集,属于最大量表达谷胱甘肽S-转移酶在肝脏。除了在肝脏代谢胆红素和某些抗癌药物中,α-类这些酶显示出谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性,从而保护由活性氧物种的细胞和过氧化的产物。 [由RefSeq的,2008年7月提供]
GSTA1基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
GSTA1基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
480 Glutathione metabolism [PATH:hsa00480] |
980 Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 [PATH:hsa00980] |
982 Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 [PATH:hsa00982] |
5204 Chemical carcinogenesis [PATH:hsa05204] |
名称 |
---|
Biological oxidations |
Glutathione conjugation |
Metabolism |
Phase II conjugation |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Prostatic Neoplasms | 0.12272435 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human_LHGDN |
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | 0.120271442 | 1 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
Myocardial Ischemia | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Malignant neoplasm of breast | 0.020293465 | 9 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
Colorectal Cancer | 0.017926433 | 11 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
Mammary Neoplasms | 0.012907115 | 5 | 0 | GAD_LHGDN |
Liver carcinoma | 0.010639772 | 4 | 0 | BeFree_GAD_LHGDN |
Malignant neoplasm of prostate | 0.010011012 | 4 | 1 | BeFree_GAD |
Asthma | 0.005819831 | 5 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
Adenocarcinoma | 0.005720142 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_LHGDN |
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