CACNA1C基因编码钙离子通道蛋白Cav1.2的α1亚基,属于电压门控钙通道(VGCC)基因家族中的L型钙通道亚家族。这类通道的特点是依赖膜电位变化激活,允许钙离子进入细胞,在电兴奋性组织(如心脏、大脑、平滑肌)中起关键作用。Cav1.2通道通过调控钙内流参与心肌收缩、神经元兴奋性、激素分泌和基因表达等过程。该基因主要在心脏、大脑和肾上腺表达,其功能受β、α2δ等辅助亚基调节。CACNA1C突变可导致多种疾病:功能增强型突变与Timothy综合征(表现为QT间期延长、心律失常、自闭症)相关,而功能丧失突变与Brugada综合征(突发性室颤)有关。在精神疾病中,该基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP,即DNA序列单个碱基的变化)与双相情感障碍、精神分裂症风险相关,可能通过影响前额叶皮层神经元活动导致认知功能障碍。过表达CACNA1C会增强钙信号传导,在心脏引起动作电位时程延长(增加心律失常风险),在神经元导致突触可塑性异常;而表达降低则可能损害心肌收缩力或影响学习记忆。该基因家族(电压门控钙通道家族)的共性包括:均由α1(孔道形成)、β(调节亚基)等亚基组成,受膜电位和药物(如二氢吡啶类)调控,通过控制钙内流调节细胞功能。目前研究热点包括其调控表观遗传机制(如DNA甲基化影响表达)及作为精神疾病治疗靶点的潜力,但需注意组织特异性调控以避免心脏副作用。
This gene encodes an alpha-1 subunit of a voltage-dependent calcium channel. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization. The alpha-1 subunit consists of 24 transmembrane segments and forms the pore through which ions pass into the cell. The calcium channel consists of a complex of alpha-1, alpha-2/delta, beta, and gamma subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. There are multiple isoforms of each of these proteins, either encoded by different genes or the result of alternative splicing of transcripts. The protein encoded by this gene binds to and is inhibited by dihydropyridine. Alternative splicing results in many transcript variants encoding different proteins. Some of the predicted proteins may not produce functional ion channel subunits. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012]
这个基因编码的电压依赖性钙通道的α-1亚单位。钙通道介导的钙离子的流入在膜极化的细胞。 α-1亚单位由24跨膜片段的,并且形成通过该离子传递进入细胞的孔。钙通道是由α-1,α-2 /三角,β和γ亚基的1的配合物:1:1:1的比例。有这些蛋白质的多个同种型,由不同的基因或转录物的可变剪接的结果要么编码。由该基因编码的蛋白质结合并通过二氢吡啶抑制。在许多转录剪接变异体导致编码不同的蛋白质。一些预测的蛋白质可能不产生功能性离子通道亚基。 [由RefSeq的,2012年10月提供]
CACNA1C基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
CACNA1C基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
4010 MAPK signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04010] |
4020 Calcium signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04020] |
4024 cAMP signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04024] |
4022 cGMP - PKG signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04022] |
4911 Insulin secretion [PATH:hsa04911] |
4912 GnRH signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04912] |
4921 Oxytocin signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04921] |
4260 Cardiac muscle contraction [PATH:hsa04260] |
4261 Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes [PATH:hsa04261] |
4270 Vascular smooth muscle contraction [PATH:hsa04270] |
4724 Glutamatergic synapse [PATH:hsa04724] |
4727 GABAergic synapse [PATH:hsa04727] |
4725 Cholinergic synapse [PATH:hsa04725] |
4728 Dopaminergic synapse [PATH:hsa04728] |
4726 Serotonergic synapse [PATH:hsa04726] |
4720 Long-term potentiation [PATH:hsa04720] |
4723 Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling [PATH:hsa04723] |
4713 Circadian entrainment [PATH:hsa04713] |
5010 Alzheimer's disease [PATH:hsa05010] |
5031 Amphetamine addiction [PATH:hsa05031] |
5410 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) [PATH:hsa05410] |
5412 Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) [PATH:hsa05412] |
5414 Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) [PATH:hsa05414] |
4930 Type II diabetes mellitus [PATH:hsa04930] |
名称 |
---|
Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion |
Axon guidance |
Developmental Biology |
Integration of energy metabolism |
Metabolism |
NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth |
NCAM1 interactions |
Regulation of insulin secretion |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Timothy syndrome | 0.566243163 | 24 | 4 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_MGD_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
Brugada Syndrome 3 | 0.36 | 1 | 2 | CLINVAR_CTD_human_UNIPROT |
Bipolar Disorder | 0.269598434 | 50 | 7 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_GWASCAT |
Brugada Syndrome (disorder) | 0.244895885 | 9 | 4 | BeFree_CLINVAR_LHGDN_ORPHANET |
Schizophrenia | 0.13497291 | 34 | 6 | BeFree_GAD_GWASCAT |
Hypertensive disease | 0.125819831 | 5 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD |
Long QT Syndrome | 0.121628651 | 6 | 1 | BeFree_CLINVAR |
Autistic Disorder | 0.121085767 | 5 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
Paroxysmal familial ventricular fibrillation | 0.120271442 | 1 | 1 | BeFree_CLINVAR |
Congenital long QT syndrome | 0.12 | 0 | 2 | CLINVAR |
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