ATG4D (autophagy related 4D cysteine peptidase)

symbol:
ATG4D
locus group:
protein-coding gene
location:
19p13.2
gene_family:
alias symbol:
APG4-D
alias name:
None
entrez id:
84971
ensembl gene id:
ENSG00000130734
ucsc gene id:
uc002mov.5
refseq accession:
NM_032885
hgnc_id:
HGNC:20789
approved reserved:
2003-04-11
19p13.2
基因染色体位置图

ATG4D是ATG4基因家族的一员,该家族共有四个成员(ATG4A、ATG4B、ATG4C和ATG4D),主要参与细胞自噬过程。自噬是细胞内降解和回收受损细胞器或蛋白质的重要机制,对维持细胞稳态至关重要。ATG4家族蛋白属于半胱氨酸蛋白酶,其核心功能是加工和激活自噬相关蛋白LC3(微管相关蛋白1轻链3),这是自噬体形成的关键步骤。ATG4D通过剪切LC3前体(pro-LC3)产生LC3-I,后者进一步与磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)结合形成LC3-II,从而参与自噬体膜的延伸和闭合。与其他家族成员相比,ATG4D的表达水平较低且功能研究较少,但已知它在特定条件下(如营养缺乏或应激)会被激活。ATG4D的突变可能导致自噬功能异常,与神经退行性疾病(如帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病)及癌症的发生发展相关。例如,ATG4D功能丧失可能削弱自噬能力,导致错误折叠蛋白积累,进而引发神经元损伤;而过表达ATG4D可能增强自噬活性,在癌症中可能表现为双重作用——既可能抑制肿瘤生长(通过清除受损成分),也可能促进肿瘤存活(通过提供应激条件下的营养回收)。此外,ATG4D还与其他自噬相关基因(如ATG5、ATG7)协同作用,其表达水平变化可能影响整个自噬通路的效率。近期研究发现,ATG4D在DNA损伤修复中也有潜在作用,提示其功能可能超出经典自噬范畴。该基因的调控机制包括转录水平调控(如转录因子TFEB)和翻译后修饰(如磷酸化)。总体而言,ATG4D作为自噬调控网络中的一环,其功能复杂性仍在探索中,未来研究可能揭示其在疾病治疗中的新靶点价值。

Autophagy is the process by which endogenous proteins and damaged organelles are destroyed intracellularly. Autophagy is postulated to be essential for cell homeostasis and cell remodeling during differentiation, metamorphosis, non-apoptotic cell death, and aging. Reduced levels of autophagy have been described in some malignant tumors, and a role for autophagy in controlling the unregulated cell growth linked to cancer has been proposed. This gene belongs to the autophagy-related protein 4 (Atg4) family of C54 endopeptidases. Members of this family encode proteins that play a role in the biogenesis of autophagosomes, which sequester the cytosol and organelles for degradation by lysosomes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

自噬是由内源性蛋白和细胞器受损细胞内被破坏的过程。自噬是假设成为分化,变态,非凋亡的细胞死亡和衰老过程中细胞稳态和细胞重塑至关重要。自噬的降低水平已经在某些恶性肿瘤进行了描述,以及用于自噬在控制与癌症有关的不受调节的细胞生长的作用已被提出。该基因属于C54内肽酶的自噬相关蛋白4(Atg4)的家庭。即发挥自噬体,它由封存溶酶体细胞质和细胞器降解的生物合成作用这个家族编码蛋白质的成员。选择性剪接结果在多个抄本变形。 [由RefSeq的,2013年7月提供]

ATG4D基因的碱基序列:[NCBI]
Loading Gene Browser...
ATG4D基因的碱基突变:           仅显示部分snp
rs2011172       rs2288869       rs2304164       rs2304165       rs2360750       rs3745257       rs3816042       rs7255312       rs7258433       rs8103305       rs8108051       rs10408372       rs10411361       rs10423320       rs10423349       rs11556837       rs11556839      

ATG4D基因在不同组织中的表达:    [UniProt]

基因在不同组织中的表达图
正向引物序列
正向Tm值
反向引物序列
反向Tm值
评分
GCTACCAAGATGACTTCCTG
58
ACAAAGTCCTCAGAGCTGG
59
CAACGTCAAGTACGGTTGG
59
GCTGGAAACGCTGTATGTC
59
AAGTCTGTGGTCATCCTGG
59
AGGAAGTCATCTTGGTAGCC
59
TGGAACAACGTCAAATGGG
59
GATCTTGCTAAAGCTGGTCC
59
GACTGCACAGTGTACAAGG
59
AGGATGACCACAGACTTCC
59
GACTGCACAGTGTACAAGG
59
AGGATGACCACAGACTTCC
59
CAACGTCAAGTACGGTTGG
59
CTACAAGAGCGGGTCTGTC
60
CCTTCTGCTGCATTTCCTG
59
GGAAGTCATCTTGGTAGCCA
60
CTCAGGCAAGAAGGAAAGC
59
GATGACCACAGACTTCCAC
58
CAACGTCAAGTACGATGGG
59
GATCTTGCTAAAGCTGGTCC
59
      尚未收录相关数据

ATG4D基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:

[UniProt]     [GenomeNet]

" d="M482.414,245.296c3.539,4.293,4.455,10.009,0.202,11 c-4.244,0.996-4.983-10.983-8.293-8.438c-5.271,4.08,9.834,12.271,5.144,17.287c-3.717,3.607-6.172-5.75-10.839-1.976 c-4.673,3.776,6.781,7.299,2.831,11.326c-4.354,4.045-6.979-1.449-9.837-5.517c-1.193-1.742-2.059-3.851-3.595-2.748 c-1.516,1.078-1.854,1.795-0.938,3.666c2.374,4.854,9.235,10.119,5.156,12.535c-5.636,3.346-5.044-8.871-9.426-7.574 c-4.388,1.291,2.557,10.66-1.245,11.141c-4.089,0.545-3.483-10.239-6.979-8.575c-2.522,1.206-0.929,3.071-0.938,4.899 c0.004,1.32-0.964,3.6-2.372,4.062c-3.593,1.171-8.544-1.065-10.251-3.59c-6.04-8.93,0.396-15.997,4.639-7.015 c3.023,4.642,5.182,0.834,2.839-2.219c-1.032-1.354-4.309-5.901-0.781-7.252c2.904-1.113,4.271,1.941,5.985,4.592 c2.61,4.016,5.485,0.117,3.031-3.414c-1.828-2.633-2.74-3.803,3.156-7.42c6.405-4.369,6.52,3.869,10.077,0.646 c2.309-1.832-4.783-5.149,0.06-8.995c2.896-2.293,5.18,6.207,7.961,3.516c3.523-2.737-7.717-7.369,0.117-11.736 C473.413,240.77,480.519,242.891,482.414,245.296z"/> Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
  • 质膜
  • 细胞质
  • 细胞外
  • 高尔基体
  • 囊泡
  • 细胞骨架
  • 内质网
  • 细胞核
  • 内体
  • 溶酶体
  • 线粒体

ATG4D基因的本体(GO)信息:

GO库代码
对应的蛋白质
来源代码
GO:0005737
K7EJA5 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006508
K7EJA5 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006914
K7EJA5 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0008234
K7EJA5 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0015031
K7EJA5 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005737
K7EMB9 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006508
K7EMB9 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006914
K7EMB9 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0008234
K7EMB9 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0015031
K7EMB9 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005737
K7EN30 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006508
K7EN30 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006914
K7EN30 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0008234
K7EN30 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0015031
K7EN30 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005737
K7EP43 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006508
K7EP43 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006914
K7EP43 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0008234
K7EP43 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0015031
K7EP43 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005737
K7EPJ0 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006508
K7EPJ0 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006914
K7EPJ0 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0008234
K7EPJ0 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0015031
K7EPJ0 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005737
K7EQ67 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006508
K7EQ67 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006914
K7EQ67 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0008234
K7EQ67 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0015031
K7EQ67 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005737
K7ERK1 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006508
K7ERK1 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006914
K7ERK1 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0008234
K7ERK1 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0015031
K7ERK1 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005737
K7ESM7 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006508
K7ESM7 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006914
K7ESM7 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0008234
K7ESM7 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0015031
K7ESM7 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0000045
Q86TL0 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0000422
Q86TL0 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0004197
Q86TL0 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0004197
Q86TL0 (UniProtKB)
ISS
GO:0005737
Q86TL0 (UniProtKB)
ISS
GO:0005759
Q86TL0 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005829
Q86TL0 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0006501
Q86TL0 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0006612
Q86TL0 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0006915
Q86TL0 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0016485
Q86TL0 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0044804
Q86TL0 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0051697
Q86TL0 (UniProtKB)
IBA

可能调控 ATG4D基因的相关microRNA:     

BioGrid

mentha

String

基因与其他基因之间的相互作用关系图
序号 作用方式 资源库来源/分值 基因名称 基因名称
疾病名称 关系值 NofPmids NofSnps 来源
疾病名称 关系值 NofPmids NofSnps 来源

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